#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf8
"""
color conversion in various colorspaces and palettes
"""
from __future__ import division #"true division" everywhere
__author__ = "Philippe Guglielmetti"
__copyright__ = "Copyright 2012-, Philippe Guglielmetti"
__license__ = "LGPL"
__credits__ = ['Colormath https://pypi.python.org/pypi/colormath/',
'Bruno Nuttens Pantone color table http://blog.brunonuttens.com/206-conversion-couleurs-pantone-lab-rvb-hexa-liste-sql-csv/',
]
#get https://pypi.python.org/pypi/colormath/ if you need more
import six, os, sys, logging
import numpy as np
from collections import OrderedDict
from Goulib import math2, itertools2
# color conversion
#redefine some converters in current module to build converters dict below
import skimage.color as skcolor
import matplotlib.colors as mplcolors
[docs]def rgb2hex(c,illuminant='ignore'):
return mplcolors.rgb2hex(c)
[docs]def hex2rgb(c,illuminant='ignore'):
return mplcolors.hex2color(c)
[docs]def rgb2cmyk(rgb,**kwargs):
"""
:param rgb: 3-tuple of floats of red,green,blue in [0..1] range
:return: 4-tuple of floats (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) in [0..1] range
"""
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14088375/how-can-i-convert-rgb-to-cmyk-and-vice-versa-in-python
r,g,b=rgb
c = 1 - r
m = 1 - g
y = 1 - b
k = min(c, m, y)
if k==1:
return (0,0,0,1)
c = (c - k) / (1 - k)
m = (m - k) / (1 - k)
y = (y - k) / (1 - k)
return (c,m,y,k)
[docs]def cmyk2rgb(cmyk,**kwargs):
"""
:param cmyk: 4-tuple of floats (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) in [0..1] range
:result: 3-tuple of floats (red,green,blue)
warning : rgb is out the [0..1] range for some cmyk
"""
c,m,y,k=cmyk
w=1-k
return ((1-c)*w, (1-m)*w, (1-y)*w)
[docs]def xyz2xyy(xyz,**kwargs):
"""
Convert from XYZ to xyY
Based on formula from http://brucelindbloom.com/Eqn_XYZ_to_xyY.html
Implementation Notes:
1. Watch out for black, where X = Y = Z = 0. In that case, x and y are set
to the chromaticity coordinates of the reference whitepoint.
2. The output Y value is in the nominal range [0.0, Y[XYZ]].
"""
s=sum(xyz)
if s == 0:
# We can't check for X == Y == Z == 0 because they may actually add up
# to 0, thus resulting in ZeroDivisionError later
x, y, _ = xyz2xyy(color['white'].xyz)
return (x, y, 0.0)
return (xyz[0]/s, xyz[1]/s, xyz[1])
[docs]def xyy2xyz(xyY,**kwargs):
"""
Convert from xyY to XYZ to
Based on formula from http://brucelindbloom.com/Eqn_xyY_to_XYZ.html
Implementation Notes:
1. Watch out for the case where y = 0.
In that case, you may want to set X = Y = Z = 0.
2. The output XYZ values are in the nominal range [0.0, 1.0].
"""
x,y,Y=xyY
if y==0:
return (0,0,0)
X=x*Y/y
Z=(1-x-y)*Y/y
return (X,Y,Z)
# skimage.color has several useful color conversion routines, but for images
# so here is a generic adapter that allows to call them with colors
def _skadapt(f,**kwargs):
def adapted(arr,**kwargs):
arr = np.asanyarray(arr)
if arr.ndim ==1:
a=arr.reshape(1,1,arr.shape[-1])
try:
res=f(a,**kwargs)
except TypeError: #unsupported params. retry without
res=f(a)
return res.reshape(arr.shape[-1])
else:
return f(arr,**kwargs)
return adapted
#supported colorspaces. need more ? just add it :-)
colorspaces=(
'CMYK',
'XYZ',
'xyY', #for CIE Chromaticity plots
'Lab',
'Luv',
'HSV',
'RGB',
'HEX',
)
#build a graph of available converters
#as in https://github.com/gtaylor/python-colormath
from .graph import DiGraph
converters=DiGraph(multi=False) # a nx.DiGraph() would suffice, but my DiGraph are better
for source in colorspaces:
for target in colorspaces:
key=(source.lower(),target.lower())
if key[0]==key[1]:
continue
else:
convname='%s2%s'%key
converter = getattr(sys.modules[__name__], convname,None)
if converter is None:
converter=getattr(skcolor, convname,None)
if converter: #adapt it:
converter=_skadapt(converter)
if converter:
converters.add_edge(key[0],key[1],f=converter)
[docs]def convert(color,source,target):
"""convert a color between colorspaces,
eventually using intermediary steps
"""
source,target=source.lower(),target.lower()
if source==target: return color
path=converters.shortest_path(source, target)
for u,v in itertools2.pairwise(path):
color=converters[u][v][0]['f'](color)
return color #isn't it beautiful ?
[docs]class Color(object):
"""A color with math operations and conversions
Color is immutable (._values caches representations)
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, value, space='RGB', name=None, illuminant='D65'):
"""constructor
:param value: string color name, hex string, or values tuple
:param space: string defining the color space of value
:param name: string for color name
:param illuminant: string in {“A”, “D50”, “D55”, “D65”, “D75”, “E”}
* D65 is used by default in skimage, see http://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/api/skimage.color.html
* D50 is used in Pantone and other graphic arts
"""
self._name=name
self.illuminant=illuminant
space=space.lower() # for easier conversions
if isinstance(value,Color): #copy constructor
self._copy_from_(value)
return
if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
if value in pantone:
self._copy_from_(pantone[value])
return
value=value.lower()
if value in color:
self._copy_from_(color[value])
return
elif len(value)==7 and value[0]=='#':
if value in color_lookup:
self._copy_from_(color_lookup[value])
return
else:
space='hex'
else:
raise(ValueError("Couldn't create Color(%s,%s)"%(value,space)))
self.space=space # "native" space in which the color was created
if space=='rgb':
if max(value)>1:
value=tuple(_/255. for _ in value)
value=math2.sat(value[:3],0,1) # rgb only, not whiter than white...
if space!='hex': # force to floats
value=tuple(float(_) for _ in value)
self._values=OrderedDict() # so native space is always first
self._values[space]=value
def _copy_from_(self,c):
self.space=c.space
self.illuminant=c.illuminant
self._name=c._name
self._values=c._values
@property
def name(self):
if self._name is None:
if self.hex in color_lookup:
self._name=color_lookup[self.hex].name
else:
self._name='~'+nearest_color(self).name
return self._name
[docs] def convert(self, target, **kwargs):
"""
:param target: str of desired colorspace, or none for default
:return: color in target colorspace
"""
import networkx as nx
target=target.lower() if target else self.space
if target not in self._values:
try:
path=converters.shortest_path(self.space, target)
except nx.exception.NetworkXNoPath:
raise NotImplementedError(
'no conversion between %s and %s color spaces'
%(self.space, target)
)
kwargs['illuminant']=self.illuminant # to avoid incoherent cached values
for u,v in itertools2.pairwise(path):
if v not in self._values:
edge=converters[u][v][0]
c=edge['f'](self._values[u],**kwargs)
if itertools2.isiterable(c): #but not a string
c=tuple(map(float,c))
self._values[v]=c
return self._values[target]
[docs] def str(self,mode=None):
res=self.convert(mode)
if not isinstance(res, six.string_types):
res=', '.join(map(math2.format,res))
return res
@property
def native(self): return self.convert(None)
@property
def rgb(self): return self.convert('rgb')
@property
def hex(self): return self.convert('hex')
@property
def lab(self): return self.convert('lab')
@property
def luv(self): return self.convert('Luv')
@property
def cmyk(self): return self.convert('cmyk')
@property
def hsv(self): return self.convert('hsv')
@property
def xyz(self): return self.convert('xyz')
@property
def xyY(self): return self.convert('xyY')
[docs] def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.hex)
[docs] def __repr__(self):
return "Color('%s')"%(self.name)
def _repr_html_(self):
return '<span style="color:%s">%s</span>'%(self.hex,self.name)
[docs] def compose(self,other,f,mode='rgb'):
""" compose colors in given mode
"""
if not isinstance(other, Color):
other=Color(other,mode)
res=f(self.convert(mode),other.convert(mode))
min=-1 if mode=='lab' else 0
max=1
res=[math2.sat(_,min,max) for _ in res]
return res
[docs] def __add__(self,other):
from Goulib.image import Image
if isinstance(other, Image):
return Image(size=other.size,color=self.native,mode=self.space)+other
return Color(self.compose(other,math2.vecadd),illuminant=self.illuminant)
[docs] def __radd__(self,other):
"""only to allow sum(colors) easily"""
assert other==0
return self
[docs] def __sub__(self,other):
from Goulib.image import Image
if isinstance(other, Image):
mode=other.mode
return Image(size=other.size,color=self.convert(mode),mode=mode)-other
return Color(self.compose(other,math2.vecsub),illuminant=self.illuminant)
[docs] def __mul__(self,factor):
if factor<0:
return (-self)*(-factor)
l,a,b=self.lab
l*=factor
res=Color((l,a,b),'lab',illuminant=self.illuminant)
return res
[docs] def __neg__(self):
""" complementary color"""
return color['white']-self
[docs] def deltaE(self,other):
"""color difference according to CIEDE2000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference
"""
assert(self.illuminant==other.illuminant)
return skcolor.deltaE_ciede2000(self.lab, other.lab)
[docs] def isclose(self,other,abs_tol=1):
"""
http://zschuessler.github.io/DeltaE/learn/
<= 1.0 Not perceptible by human eyes.
1 - 2 Perceptible through close observation.
2 - 10 Perceptible at a glance.
11 - 49 Colors are more similar than opposite
100 Colors are exact opposite
"""
dE=self.deltaE(other)
if dE<=abs_tol:
return True
else:
return False
[docs] def __eq__(self,other):
other=Color(other)
if self.space==other.space:
if self.native==other.native:
return True
return self.isclose(other,1) #difference not perceptible to human eye
[docs]class Palette(OrderedDict):
"""dict of Colors indexed by anything"""
[docs] def __init__(self, data=[], keys=256):
super(Palette, self).__init__() #mandatory http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11174702/how-to-subclass-an-ordereddict
if data:
self.update(data,keys)
[docs] def update(self,data,keys=256):
"""updates the dictionary with new colors
:param data: colors to add
:param keys: keys to use in dict, or int to discretize the Colormap
"""
from matplotlib.colors import Colormap
if isinstance(data, Colormap):
for i in range(keys):
self[i]=Color(data(i/(keys-1))) #RGB
elif isinstance(keys, six.integer_types):
for i,v in itertools2.enumerates(data):
self[i]=Color(v) # v.space of RGB
else:
for i,v in six.moves.zip(keys,data):
self[i]=Color(v) # v.space of RGB
return self
[docs] def index(self,c,dE=5):
"""
:return: key of c or nearest color, None if distance is larger than deltaE
"""
c=Color(c)
k,v=itertools2.index_min(self,key=lambda c2:deltaE(c,c2))
if k is None or (dE>0 and deltaE(c,v) > dE):
return None
return k
[docs] def __repr__(self):
return '%s of %d colors' % (self.__class__.__name__,len(self))
def _repr_html_(self):
def tooltip(k):
c=self[k]
res='[%s] %s (%s)\n'%(k,c.name,c.illuminant)
return res+'\n'.join('%s = %s'%(k,c.str(k)) for k in c._values)
mode='inline' if len(self)>256 else 'flex'
labels=(color['black'],color['white']) #possible colors for labels
res='<div style="display:%s; width:100%%;">'%mode
style='display:%s-block; min-width: 1px; ' %mode
style+=' flex-basis: 90%%;'
style+=' background:%s; color:%s;'
cell='<div style="'+style+'" title="%s"> </div>'
for k in self:
c=self[k]
# c2=nearest_color(c,labels,opt=max) #chose the label color with max difference to pantone color
res+= cell % (c.hex, c.hex, tooltip(k))
return res+'</div>'
[docs] def patches(self,wide=64,size=(16,16)):
"""Image made of each palette color
"""
from Goulib.image import Image
n=len(self)
data=itertools2.reshape(range(n),(n//wide,wide))
res=Image(data,'P',palette=self)
res=res.scale(size)
return res
@property
def pil(self):
"""
:return: a sequence of integers, or a string containing a binary
representation of the palette.
In both cases, the palette contents should be ordered (r, g, b, r, g, b, …).
The palette can contain up to 768 entries (3*256).
If a shorter palette is given, it is padded with zeros.
#http://effbot.org/zone/creating-palette-images.htm
"""
res=[]
for c in self.values():
r,g,b=c.rgb
res.append(math2.rint(r*255))
res.append(math2.rint(g*255))
res.append(math2.rint(b*255))
return res
[docs] def sorted(self,key=lambda c:c[1].lab[0]):
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8031418/how-to-sort-ordereddict-of-ordereddict-python
return Palette(dict(sorted(self.items(), key=key)))
[docs]def ColorTable(colors,key=None,width=10):
from Goulib.table import Table, Cell
from Goulib.itertools2 import reshape
def tooltip(c):
return '\n'.join('%s = %s'%(k,v) for k,v in c._values.items())
labels=(color['black'],color['white']) #possible colors for labels
t=[]
colors=colors.values()
if key:
colors=list(colors)
colors.sort(key=key)
for c in colors:
c2=nearest_color(c,labels,opt=max) #chose the label color with max difference to pantone color
s='<span title="%s" style="color:%s">%s</span>'%(tooltip(c),c2.hex,c.name)
t.append(Cell(s,style={'background-color':c.hex}))
return Table(reshape(t,(0,width)))
# dictionaries of standardized colors
from Goulib.table import Table
path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# http://blog.brunonuttens.com/206-conversion-couleurs-pantone-lab-rvb-hexa-liste-sql-csv/
table=Table(path+'/colors.csv')
table.applyf('hex',lambda x:x.lower())
table=table.groupby('System')
color=Palette() #dict of HTML / matplotlib colors, which seem to be the same
color_lookup=Palette() # reverse color dict indexed by hex
pantone=Palette() #dict of pantone colors
# http://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_names.asp
for c in table['websafe'].asdict():
id=c['name'].lower()
hex=c['hex']
c=Color(hex,name=id,illuminant='D65')
color[id]=c
color_lookup[c.hex]=c
for c in table['Pantone'].asdict():
id=c['name']
pantone[id]=Color((c['L'],c['a'],c['b']),space='Lab',name=id,illuminant='D50')
# pantones are defined with D50 illuminant
acadcolors=[None]*256 #table of Autocad indexed colors
for c in table['autocad'].asdict():
id=c['name']
acadcolors[id]=Color(c['hex'],name=id,illuminant='D65') #color name is a 0..255 number
[docs]def color_to_aci(x, nearest=True):
"""
:return: int Autocad Color Index of color x
"""
if x is None:
return -1
x=Color(x)
try:
return acadcolors.index(x)
except ValueError:
pass
if nearest:
return nearest_color(x,acadcolors).name # name = int id
return -1
[docs]def aci_to_color(x, block_color=None, layer_color=None):
if x==0: return block_color
if x==256: return layer_color
return acadcolors[x].hex
[docs]def deltaE(c1,c2):
# http://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/api/skimage.color.html#skimage.color.deltaE_ciede2000
if not isinstance(c1, Color):
c1=Color(c1)
if not isinstance(c2, Color):
c2=Color(c2)
return skcolor.deltaE_ciede2000(c1.lab, c2.lab)
[docs]def nearest_color(c,l=None, opt=min, comp=deltaE):
"""
:param x: Color
:param l: list or dict of Color, color by default
:param opt: with opt=max you can find the most different color ...
:return: nearest Color of x in l
"""
if not isinstance(c, Color):
c=Color(c)
l=l or color
if isinstance(l,dict):
l=l.values()
return opt(l,key=lambda c2:comp(c,c2))
#http://stackoverflow.com/questions/876853/generating-color-ranges-in-python
[docs]def color_range(n,start,end,space='hsv'):
""":param n: int number of colors to generate
:param start: string hex color or color name
:param end: string hex color or color name
:result: list of n Color interpolated between start and end, included
"""
from .itertools2 import linspace
start=Color(start).convert(space)
end=Color(end).convert(space)
return [Color(v, space=space) for v in linspace(start,end,n)]
[docs]def lambda2RGB(wavelength):
# http://codingmess.blogspot.com/2009/05/conversion-of-wavelength-in-nanometers.html
w = int(wavelength)
# colour
if w >= 380 and w < 440:
R = -(w - 440.) / (440. - 350.)
G = 0.0
B = 1.0
elif w >= 440 and w < 490:
R = 0.0
G = (w - 440.) / (490. - 440.)
B = 1.0
elif w >= 490 and w < 510:
R = 0.0
G = 1.0
B = -(w - 510.) / (510. - 490.)
elif w >= 510 and w < 580:
R = (w - 510.) / (580. - 510.)
G = 1.0
B = 0.0
elif w >= 580 and w < 645:
R = 1.0
G = -(w - 645.) / (645. - 580.)
B = 0.0
elif w >= 645 and w <= 780:
R = 1.0
G = 0.0
B = 0.0
else:
R = 0.0
G = 0.0
B = 0.0
# intensity correction
if w >= 380 and w < 420:
SSS = 0.3 + 0.7*(w - 350) / (420 - 350)
elif w >= 420 and w <= 700:
SSS = 1.0
elif w > 700 and w <= 780:
SSS = 0.3 + 0.7*(780 - w) / (780 - 700)
else:
SSS = 0.0
SSS *= 255
return [int(SSS*R), int(SSS*G), int(SSS*B)]
[docs]def RGB2lambda(R, G, B):
# http://codingmess.blogspot.com/2010/02/transforming-rgb-data-to-wavelength.html
"""Returns 0 if indeciferable"""
# selects range by maximum component
# if max is blue - range is 380 - 489
# if max is green - range is 490 - 579
# if max is red - range is 580 - 645
# which colour has highest intensity?
high = float(R)
highind = 1
if G > high:
high = float(G)
highind = 2
if B > high:
high = float(B)
highind = 3
# normalize highest to 1.0
RGBnorm = [R / high, G / high, B / high]
# start decoding
RGBlambda = 0
if highind == 1: # red is highest
if B >= G: # there is more blue than green
return 0 # max red and more blue than green shouldn't happen
# wavelength linearly changes from 645 to 580 as green increases
RGBlambda = 645 - RGBnorm[1] * (645. - 580.)
elif highind == 2: # green is max, range is 510 - 579
if R > B: # range is 510 - 579
RGBlambda = 510 + RGBnorm[0] * (580 - 510)
else: # blue is higher than red, range is 490 - 510
RGBlambda = 510 - RGBnorm[2] * (510 - 490)
elif highind == 3: # blue is max, range is 380 - 490
if G > R: # range is 440 - 490
RGBlambda = RGBnorm[1] * (490 - 440) + 440
else: # there is more red than green, range is 380 - 440
RGBlambda = 440 - RGBnorm[0] * (440 - 380)
return RGBlambda